Sri Lankan Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros gingalensis)

The Sri Lankan Grey Hornbill is a medium-sized bird endemic to Sri Lanka, easily identified by its pale grey plumage, long curved bill, and prominent casque. This species plays an important ecological role in seed dispersal and is commonly observed in the canopy of wet and dry zone forests.

🌎 Habitat & Distribution
🌳 Habitat

The Sri Lankan Grey Hornbill inhabits tropical lowland forests, wooded gardens, and plantations, favoring areas with tall trees that provide suitable nesting and roosting sites. It is often seen perching along forest edges or gliding through open canopies.

📍 Distribution

Being endemic, its range is restricted to Sri Lanka, primarily in wet zone forests like Sinharaja, Kanneliya, and the lowland buffer zones, as well as secondary growth areas and garden habitats.

🐦 Behavior
Feeding Behavior

This hornbill is omnivorous, feeding on fruits, figs, insects, small reptiles, and occasionally small birds. Foraging occurs mainly in the canopy, with the bird using its strong bill to grasp and manipulate food items.

Social Behavior

Sri Lankan Grey Hornbills are typically seen in pairs or small family groups, displaying cooperative foraging behavior and strong pair bonds. They are vocal birds, using loud cackling and squawking calls to communicate.

Breeding & Nesting

Nesting occurs in tree cavities, where the female may be sealed inside by the male during incubation, receiving food through a narrow slit. Both parents care for the chicks once hatched. Breeding generally occurs during the early wet season when fruit is abundant.

⚠ Conservation Status

The Sri Lankan Grey Hornbill is currently listed as Least Concern, but ongoing deforestation and habitat fragmentation pose potential threats. Protecting mature trees is crucial for their continued survival and nesting success.

📸 My Wildscape Encounter

I observed this species in the Sinharaja rainforest, guided by Mr. Gayan Madhushanka, where the hornbills were active in the canopy.

Using my Canon 80D with a 400 mm lens, I captured these elegant endemic birds from a respectful distance, highlighting their vibrant behavior and ecological significance.